State Sec: It is the Empire's equivalent of the SS.
They are also one of the Empire's most ruthless and sinister organizations. Jenkes murdered his superior, Herdringer, so that he could impersonate him and not get in trouble for his criminal activities, Kallus has a Heel≯ace Turn and becomes The Mole until later becoming a rebel officer serving Alliance Command, and Sinjir becomes a rebel officer directly under Chancellor Mon Mothma.
It's even an alternative to the Imperial Academy. If COMPNOR is equivalent to the SS, then it's pretty obvious that the Sub-Adult Group would be analogous to Hitler Youth/Hitlerjugend.